| چکیده فارسی مقاله |
Background: Healthcare organizations have increasing tendency to deliver more effective, integrated, and interoperable services. Their purpose is to ubiquitous access the healthcare information and patient involvement in their health issues. The Internet of Things (IoT) can play a key role in achieving these goals. IoT means connecting any objects through internet or private network by equipping them with identified address, sensor, networking and processing capabilities. The goal of this paper is to introduce the main application and challenges of IoT in healthcare. Materials and Methods: To achieve the paper objectives, the more recently researches from IEEE Xplore, Science Direct, Springer and Google Scholar databases were reviewed. Also, “Internet of Things”, “IoT”, “applications”, “opportunities”, “challenges” and “healthcare” were used to identification of relevant researches. Results: IoT has been used to better management of drug supply chain; by adding RFID tags to medications, it can prevent the fake drugs distribution as well as reduce the high cost of drug maintenance and production. Also, RFID tag embedded into the medicine and used to monitoring medicine regiments and health issues such as medication risks which is important for drug companies and healthcare providers. The IoT integrated with cloud and mHealth technology has been used to patient monitoring, therapy and rehabilitation using tools like wearable or implantable devices, smartphone and etc. IoT facilitates the tele-monitoring of patients in tele-care by sending the patient information to her/his nurse, doctors, families and etc. This information can be used to personalized medicine purposes include personalized healthcare assistance and advisory, personal well-being applications, Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) for elderly people, first aid assistance for patients with chronic diseases (diabetes, obesity and etc.) as well as patient hospitalization for clinical care in the emergency situations. In other hand, the IoT applications in tele-monitoring and mHealth can be used to feed the CDSS and knowledge-based systems with real time and accurate data so, it can improve the quality of decision making. The IoT can play a key role for gathering information to medical robots which can be useful by developing healthcare at smart hospitals and patients home. Another application of IoT is searching healthcare providers such as pediatricians by their location using GPS for requesting their advice. There are many challenges related to IoT in healthcare includes technology and standard issues, interoperability, reliability, user engagement, data privacy and security, medical Big Data, ethical and legal issues for physicians and developers. Conclusion: the IoT platform in healthcare can be categorized as application based and service based. Service based platforms include AAL, internet of mHealth, semantic medical access and etc. The application based platform categorized as single and clustered condition. Single condition applications are specific for a particular disease like ECG monitoring whereas the clustered condition applications are involved several disease such as rehabilitation system. The applications of IoT in healthcare are dynamic and more application will be add in future. As result, IoT improves the quality of drug production, self-engagement of chronic disease, improve outcomes efficiency and effectiveness and cost reduction. |
