| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
Analyzing the hazardous metal concentration in water usually requires collecting samples on-site and then performing expensive laboratory analysis, which may take days to weeks to obtain results [1]. So, as an important goal of the research programs, the development of simple, rapid, sensitive, and inexpensive detection method for identifying and sensing the environmental pollutions has attracted considerable attention. Recently, paper-based assays have been widely applied in food analysis, environmental monitoring, and disease diagnosis due to flexibility, portability, easy to produce and use, low cost, low sample and reagent consumption, accessibility and biocompatibility [2]. Here, a simple colorimetric paper-based sensor array was developed by using six metal indicators immobilized into PVC membrane, which can quickly and accurately identify twenty-five kinds of heavy metal ions (Ce3+, Ag+, Cu2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Sn4+, Cd2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Al3+, Zn2+, Hg2+, Pb2+, Mn2+, Bi3+, La3+, U22+, Ti4+, VO3-, AsO43-, Sb3+, UO22+, Cu+, Sn2+, and VO2+). These sensing elements were produced a unique colorimetric response pattern for each metal, all obtained patterns were investigated by chemometrics methods such as principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA), leading to generate a clustering map for classifying heavy metal ions at different four concentrations of 10.0, 5.0, 2.5, 1.0 mg L-1. The proposed sensor array exhibited substantial capacity for the discrimination of individual metal ions with accuracies higher than 96% at concentrations of 10.0, 5.0 and 2.5 mg L-1. Also, it could successfully discriminate between the binary and ternary mixtures of metal ions. Discrimination of metal elements of different oxidation state is another potential of this array. Beside to qualitative analysis, it represented quantitative analysis ability, e.g., in the concentration ranges of 0.10 to 10.00 mg L−1 (R2 = 0.99) and 0.25 to 12.50 mg L−1 (R2 = 0.99) for Zn2+ and Co2+, respectively. |
