| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
Erosion is one of the most challenging issues around the world, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, which experienced land use change and intense agriculture. The most important problem in this phenomenon is scarce vegetation, which should be managed seriously. So, due to limited water resources, there is a need to manage it efficiently using suitable irrigation methods. Therefore, this research has been done in Nimroz area located in north of Sistan and Baluchestan Province of Iran. The aim of this study was to obtain an efficient irrigation method for growing fruitful plants in order to conserve soil in fragile areas. So, an experiment was carried out to assess the influence of different irrigation methods (subsurface irrigation, buried clay pot and water box) on some growth parameters for two plants species (Citrullus colocynthis and Hibiscus tea). The experiment had been conducted in a randomized complete block design with 6 treatments in 4 replications. Each treatment designed with two factors. First factor is the amount of water consumption of plants species (1= Citrullus colocynthis, 2= Hibiscus tea) and Second factor is amounts of water with different irrigation methods (traditional subsurface irrigation, buried clay pot and waterbox irrigation methods). In each treatment, irrigation was performed, at the level of 70-65% soil moisture depletion during March 2020 to November 2020. Soil temperatures and soil moisture was also measured using Thermometer and TDR during study period. Also plant characteristics such as number of leaves, diameter, canopy, plant height, survival rate were measured. The results indicated that the amounts of water consumption with different irrigation methods were significantly different at the level of five percent (P<0.05). So that the lowest amount of water consumption is related to waterbox (76 and 62% less irrigation compared to buried clay pot and traditional subsurface irrigation, respectively) and the highest amount of water consumption is related to buried clay pot (BC) irrigation method (1.6 and 1.2 times waterbox and traditional subsurface irrigation (TS) method, respectively). The results also show that the highest number of water use efficiency of biomass related to Citrullus colocynthis and Hibiscus tea plants with waterbox irrigation method that equal to 0.522 g.l-1 and 0.381 g.l-1 respectively. Results of this study also depicted that the waterbox irrigation method retains soil moisture 31 and 42 percent more than buried clay pot (BC) and traditional subsurface (TS) irrigation methods, respectively. Meanwhile findings indicated that the amount of soil moisture under the influence of temperature changes reaches its lowest value during June to August. Accordingly, due to the maintenance of moisture at various depths of soil using waterbox irrigation, mentioned plant are adapted to harsh climate conditions high temperature. According to the results of this study, waterbox irrigation method through reducing water consumption and maintaining soil moisture is the best method of irrigation among all other methods to establish fruitful and drought tolerant plants such as Citrullus colocynthis and Hibiscus tea plant species in the study area. |
